PostgreSQL Error Reference

Every error, explained

SQLSTATE codes, condition names, root causes, diagnostic queries, and recovery steps — structured for engineers running PostgreSQL in production.

3908 errors documentedFree diagnostics on every pageAll PG versions covered

Showing 696 of 3908 errors

21000 ERROR

more than one value returned by column XPath expression — 21000

cardinality_violation

PostgreSQL error "more than one value returned by column XPath expression" (SQLSTATE 21000, cardinality_violation): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Cardinality Violation
21000 ERROR

new data for materialized view “…” contains duplicate rows without… — 21000

cardinality_violation

PostgreSQL error "new data for materialized view "…" contains duplicate rows without any null columns" (SQLSTATE 21000, cardinality_violation): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Cardinality Violation
21000 ERROR

Cardinality Violation — SQLSTATE 21000

cardinality_violation

A scalar context received more than one row.

Cardinality Violation
21000 ERROR

ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE command cannot affect row a second time — 21000

cardinality_violation

PostgreSQL error "ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE command cannot affect row a second time" (SQLSTATE 21000): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Cardinality Violation
21000 ERROR

more than one row returned by a subquery used as an expression — 21000

cardinality_violation

PostgreSQL error "more than one row returned by a subquery used as an expression" (SQLSTATE 21000): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Cardinality Violation
21000 ERROR

… command cannot affect row a second time — 21000

cardinality_violation

PostgreSQL error "… command cannot affect row a second time" (SQLSTATE 21000, cardinality_violation): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Cardinality Violation
22000 ERROR

Data Exception — SQLSTATE 22000

data_exception

SQLSTATE 22000 (data_exception): A value is invalid for its data type or the operation applied to it.

Data Exception
22000 ERROR

range lower bound must be less than or equal to range upper bound — 22000

data_exception

PostgreSQL error "range lower bound must be less than or equal to range upper bound" (SQLSTATE 22000): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Data Exception
22000 ERROR

invalid array for XML namespace mapping — 22000

data_exception

PostgreSQL error "invalid array for XML namespace mapping" (SQLSTATE 22000, data_exception): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Data Exception
22000 ERROR

unexpected return value from trigger procedure — 22000

data_exception

PostgreSQL error "unexpected return value from trigger procedure" (SQLSTATE 22000, data_exception): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Data Exception
22000 ERROR

argument must be empty or one-dimensional array — 22000

data_exception

PostgreSQL error "argument must be empty or one-dimensional array" (SQLSTATE 22000, data_exception): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Data Exception
22000 ERROR

invalid Datum pointer — 22000

data_exception

PostgreSQL error "invalid Datum pointer" (SQLSTATE 22000, data_exception): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Data Exception
22000 ERROR

range constructor flags argument must not be null — 22000

data_exception

PostgreSQL error "range constructor flags argument must not be null" (SQLSTATE 22000, data_exception): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Data Exception
22000 ERROR

result of range difference would not be contiguous — 22000

data_exception

PostgreSQL error "result of range difference would not be contiguous" (SQLSTATE 22000, data_exception): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Data Exception
22000 ERROR

result of range union would not be contiguous — 22000

data_exception

PostgreSQL error "result of range union would not be contiguous" (SQLSTATE 22000, data_exception): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Data Exception
22000 ERROR

empty XPath expression — 22000

data_exception

PostgreSQL error "empty XPath expression" (SQLSTATE 22000, data_exception): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Data Exception
22000 ERROR

row path filter must not be empty string — 22000

data_exception

PostgreSQL error "row path filter must not be empty string" (SQLSTATE 22000, data_exception): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Data Exception
22000 ERROR

column path filter must not be empty string — 22000

data_exception

PostgreSQL error "column path filter must not be empty string" (SQLSTATE 22000, data_exception): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Data Exception
22001 ERROR

String Data Right Truncation — SQLSTATE 22001

string_data_right_truncation

A string value is too long for the target character column.

Data Exception
22001 ERROR

value too long for type character varying(N) — 22001

string_data_right_truncation

PostgreSQL error "value too long for type character varying(N)" (SQLSTATE 22001): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Data Exception
22001 ERROR

bit string too long for type bit varying(n) — 22001

string_data_right_truncation

PostgreSQL error "bit string too long for type bit varying(n)" (SQLSTATE 22001, string_data_right_truncation): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Data Exception
22001 ERROR

value too long for type character(n) — 22001

string_data_right_truncation

PostgreSQL error "value too long for type character(n)" (SQLSTATE 22001, string_data_right_truncation): what it means, common causes, and how to fix it.

Data Exception
22002 ERROR

Null Value No Indicator Parameter — SQLSTATE 22002

null_value_no_indicator_parameter

SQLSTATE 22002 (null_value_no_indicator_parameter): A value is invalid for its data type or the operation applied to it.

Data Exception
22003 ERROR

Numeric Value Out Of Range — SQLSTATE 22003

numeric_value_out_of_range

A numeric value is outside the allowed range for its type.

Data Exception