Glossary — in plain language

TOAST


In plain English

TOAST is how PostgreSQL stores big column values (long text, large JSON, bytea) that do not fit in a normal page. It compresses them and, if still too big, stores them in a side table, fetching them only when needed.

Why it matters

TOAST keeps tables fast even with large fields, but it means a column update on a big value can be expensive. It also explains why SELECT * can be much slower than selecting only the columns you need.

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