restrict_violation Restrict Violation — SQLSTATE 23001

A delete or update was blocked by a RESTRICT foreign-key rule.

• The error is written to the server log and returned to the client carrying SQLSTATE 23001.
• Any driver (libpq, JDBC, psycopg, npgsql, pgx) surfaces this code in its error object so you can branch on it programmatically.
• PL/pgSQL can trap it by name: EXCEPTION WHEN restrict_violation THEN.

Severity: ERROR  |  PostgreSQL versions: 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17

Reproduce with the exact statement and read the full message in the server log (raise log_min_messages / set log_min_error_statement for more context).

A referenced row cannot change or be removed because dependent rows exist and the FK uses NO ACTION/RESTRICT.

Steps to resolve 23001:

1. Remove or reassign the dependent child rows first.
2. Change the FK to ON DELETE CASCADE if cascading is desired.

Reference: PostgreSQL error codes — Class 23 (Integrity Constraint Violation).